Chip – Intel 1702 EPROM chip (circa 1969)
The Intel 1702 is Intel’s first EPROM. (EPROM = “Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory”). EPROMs are used to store programs or data in a computer even when the power is turned off. These were used in some of the earliest computers that used the Intel 4004, 8080 and 8088 CPU’s.
Information and Photo Courtesy of Steve Emery
See Also:
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 4004) (1969)Microprocessor Chip (Intel 8088) (1981)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80386) (1985)
Microprocessor Chip (Intel 80586) (1993)
Microprocessor Chip (RCA 1802) (1974)
Microprocessor Chip (Rockwell R6511)
Source from : http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/Chip-Intel1702EPROM.htm
Integrated circuit
In electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the world of electronics.
A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.
This article is about monolithic integrated circuits.
Introduction
Integrated circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit’s mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors.
There are two main advantages of ICs over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography and not constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, much less material is used to construct a circuit as a packaged IC die than as a discrete circuit. Performance is high since the components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) because the components are small and close together. As of 2006, chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 350 mm2, with up to 1 million transistors per mm2.
MySQL Documentation
MySQL
* Introduction
* Installing/Configuring
o Requirements
o Installation
o Runtime Configuration
o Resource Types
* Predefined Constants
* Examples
o MySQL extension overview example
* MySQL Functions
o mysql_affected_rows — Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL operation
o mysql_change_user — Change logged in user of the active connection
o mysql_client_encoding — Returns the name of the character set
o mysql_close — Close MySQL connection
o mysql_connect — Open a connection to a MySQL Server
o mysql_create_db — Create a MySQL database
o mysql_data_seek — Move internal result pointer
o mysql_db_name — Get result data
o mysql_db_query — Send a MySQL query
o mysql_drop_db — Drop (delete) a MySQL database
o mysql_errno — Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous MySQL operation
o mysql_error — Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL operation
o mysql_escape_string — Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query
o mysql_fetch_array — Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both
o mysql_fetch_assoc — Fetch a result row as an associative array
o mysql_fetch_field — Get column information from a result and return as an object
o mysql_fetch_lengths — Get the length of each output in a result
o mysql_fetch_object — Fetch a result row as an object
o mysql_fetch_row — Get a result row as an enumerated array
o mysql_field_flags — Get the flags associated with the specified field in a result
o mysql_field_len — Returns the length of the specified field
o mysql_field_name — Get the name of the specified field in a result
o mysql_field_seek — Set result pointer to a specified field offset
o mysql_field_table — Get name of the table the specified field is in
o mysql_field_type — Get the type of the specified field in a result
o mysql_free_result — Free result memory
o mysql_get_client_info — Get MySQL client info
o mysql_get_host_info — Get MySQL host info
o mysql_get_proto_info — Get MySQL protocol info
o mysql_get_server_info — Get MySQL server info
o mysql_info — Get information about the most recent query
o mysql_insert_id — Get the ID generated from the previous INSERT operation
o mysql_list_dbs — List databases available on a MySQL server
o mysql_list_fields — List MySQL table fields
o mysql_list_processes — List MySQL processes
o mysql_list_tables — List tables in a MySQL database
o mysql_num_fields — Get number of fields in result
o mysql_num_rows — Get number of rows in result
o mysql_pconnect — Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server
o mysql_ping — Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no connection
o mysql_query — Send a MySQL query
o mysql_real_escape_string — Escapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement
o mysql_result — Get result data
o mysql_select_db — Select a MySQL database
o mysql_set_charset — Sets the client character set
o mysql_stat — Get current system status
o mysql_tablename — Get table name of field
o mysql_thread_id — Return the current thread ID
o mysql_unbuffered_query — Send an SQL query to MySQL, without fetching and buffering the result rows
Basic MySQL
Connect to the local database server as user nhds:
$ mysql -u nhds -p |
Identify the current database:
mysql> select DATABASE(); +------------+ | DATABASE() | +------------+ | | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
List all available databases with:
mysql> show databases; +----------+ | Database | +----------+ | mysql | | nhds | | test | +----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
Select a particular database:
mysql> use nhds; Database changed |
List the available tables:
mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_nhds | +----------------+ | nhds96 | | nhds97 | | nhds98 | | nhds99 | +----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
List details of the structure of a table:
mysql> describe nhds99; +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | svy_year | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | newborn | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | age_unit | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | race | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | m_status | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | dis_month | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dis_status | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | days_care | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | los_flag | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | geo_region | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | no_beds | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | hos_ownership | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | | ana_weight | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dc1 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc2 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc3 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc4 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc5 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc6 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | dc7 | char(5) | YES | | NULL | | | pc1 | char(4) | YES | | NULL | | | pc2 | char(4) | YES | | NULL | | | pc3 | char(4) | YES | | NULL | | | pc4 | char(4) | YES | | NULL | | | p_src_payment | char(2) | YES | | NULL | | | s_src_payment | char(2) | YES | | NULL | | | drg | char(3) | YES | | NULL | | +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 29 rows in set (0.00 sec) Source From Debian Site